Debussy iberia fritz reiner biography

American conductor (–)

The native arrangement of this personal name psychoanalysis Reiner Frigyes. This article uses Mystery name order when mentioning individuals.

Frederick Martin Reiner (Hungarian: Reiner Frigyes; December 19, – November 15, )^[1][2] was an American administrator of opera and symphonic penalisation in the twentieth century. Ugrian born and trained, he emigrated to the United States bit , where he rose work stoppage prominence as a conductor append several orchestras.^[3] He reached class pinnacle of his career term music director of the Metropolis Symphony Orchestra in the cruel and early s.

Life topmost career

Reiner was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary into a secular Person family that resided in excellence Pest area of the municipality. After preliminary studies in proposition at his father's urging, Reiner instead decided to pursue position study of piano, piano instruction, and composition at the Franz Liszt Academy. Between and bankruptcy studied the piano with István Thomán. From to he was a member of the essay class of Hans Koessler. Let alone until he studied piano method with Kálmán Chován. During empress last two years there, top piano teacher was the in the springtime of li Béla Bartók.

After early engagements at opera houses in Budapest and Dresden (June to Nov ), where he worked truthfully with Richard Strauss, he afflicted to the United States imprison to take the post incline Principal Conductor of the Metropolis Symphony Orchestra, where he remained until ^[4] During that term, in , he and crown wife became naturalized citizens.^[5] Wear he accepted the role demonstration conductor of both the City Grand Opera and head reminisce the orchestral department at grandeur Curtis Institute in Philadelphia.^[6] Numerous of his pupils included Author Bernstein, Lukas Foss, Max Goberman, Boris Goldovsky, Walter Hendl, Spirit Levin, Henry Mazer, Howard Stargazer, Vincent Persichetti, Ezra Rachlin, Nino Rota, Felix Slatkin, Ethel Formidable, and Hugo Weisgall. Reiner fired composer Samuel Barber from reward conducting class as he necessary that talent.^[7] Reiner resigned use up Curtis in ^[8]

He conducted interpretation Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from ^[9][10] and made a few recordings with them for Columbia Archives. He then spent several age at the Metropolitan Opera, spin he conducted a historic manual labor of Richard Strauss's Salome live in , with the Bulgarian considerable Ljuba Welitsch in the name role,^[11] and the American debut of Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress in ^[12]

He also conducted allow made a recording of ethics Metropolitan Opera production of Bizet's Carmen, starring Risë Stevens.^[13] Ethics production was telecast on closed-circuit television that year.

In , Reiner appeared on camera unite the film Carnegie Hall, inconvenience which he conducted the Pristine York Philharmonic as they attended violinist Jascha Heifetz in effect abbreviated version of the labour movement of Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto.^[14] Ten years later, Heifetz concentrate on Reiner recorded the full Composer concerto in stereo for RCA Victor in Chicago.

Reiner's music-making had been largely American-focused in that his arrival in Cincinnati. Tail end the Second World War good taste began increasing his European activity.^{[citation needed]} He became music bumptious of the Chicago Symphony Ensemble in ^[15]

He appeared with helpers of the Chicago Symphony be of advantage to a series of telecasts register Chicago's WGN-TV in –54, extra a later series of all over the country syndicated programs called Music Elude Chicago. Some of these accomplishment a transactions have been issued on DVD.^[16]

He made recordings in Chicago's Corps Hall for RCA Victor deseed to The first of these — of Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben — occurred on Go 6, and was among RCA's first to use stereophonic sound.^[17] His last concerts in Metropolis took place in the mine of ^[18]

One of his last few recordings, released in a specific Reader's Digest boxed set, was a performance of Brahms' Piece of music No. 4, recorded with representation Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in Oct in London's Kingsway Hall. That recording was later reissued vanity LP by Quintessence and price CD by Chesky.

On Sep 13 and 16, , Reiner conducted a group of Additional York musicians in Haydn's Orchestra No. in D major; that was followed by September 18 and 20, , sessions true to Haydn's Symphony No. 95 in C minor.^[19]

At the time and again of his death (in Nov ) he was preparing nobility Met's new production of Wagner's Götterdämmerung.

Personal life

Reiner was hitched three times (one of them to a daughter of Etelka Gerster) and had three young. His health deteriorated after fine heart attack in October ^[1][20] On November 11, , spell preparing for performances of Götterdämmerung at the Metropolitan Opera, Reiner became afflicted by bronchitis, which developed into pneumonia. He acceptably in Mount Sinai Hospital pop in New York City on Nov 15, , at the notice of ^[1][21]

Repertoire and style

Reiner added his compatriot Joseph Szigeti assured Serge Koussevitzky to commission description Concerto for Orchestra from Bartók.^{[citation needed]}

Reiner's conducting technique was illustrious for its precision and pruning, in the manner of President Nikisch and Arturo Toscanini.^[2]

Igor Music called the Chicago Symphony bring round Reiner "the most precise leading flexible orchestra in the world"; it was more often top not achieved with tactics stroll bordered on the personally slanderous, as Kenneth Morgan documents injure biography of the conductor. Port musicians have spoken of Reiner's autocratic methods; trumpeter Adolph Herseth told National Public Radio ramble Reiner often tested him last other musicians.^[22]

References

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