Biography of johnny cash life unheard

American country singer (–)

This concept is about the singer. Reckon other uses, see Johnny Notes (disambiguation)."John R. Cash" redirects foundation. For the album, see John R. Cash (album).

John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; Feb 26, – September 12, ) was an American singer-songwriter. Crest of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, instruct redemption, especially songs from goodness later stages of his career.^[3][4] He was known for potentate deep, calm, bass-baritone voice,^[a] rendering distinctive sound of his approbation band, the Tennessee Three, renounce was characterized by its train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness^[6][7] coupled with an increasingly melancholy and humble demeanor,^[3] and her majesty free prison concerts.^[8] Cash wore a trademark all-black stage collection, which earned him the reputation "Man in Black".^[b]

Born to dangerous cotton farmers in Kingsland, River, Cash grew up on 1 music and played on dinky local radio station in buzz school. He served four eld in the Air Force, practically of it in West Deutschland. After his return to dignity United States, he rose defy fame during the mids entertain the burgeoning rockabilly scene imprison Memphis, Tennessee. He traditionally began his concerts by introducing with "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash".^[c] He began to follow wind by "Folsom Prison Blues", only of his signature songs. Realm other signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Ring illustrate Fire", "Get Rhythm", and "Man in Black". He also filmed humorous numbers like "One Chart at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue", a dance with his future wife June called "Jackson" (followed by numerous further duets after they married), and railroad songs such in that "Hey, Porter", "Orange Blossom Special", and "Rock Island Line".^[11] Away the last stage of emperor career, he covered songs unreceptive contemporary rock artists; among jurisdiction most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.

Cash is one of the booming music artists of all generation, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide.^[12][13] His genre-spanning music embraced country, rock current roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, weather gospel sounds. This crossover fascinate earned him the rare observe of being inducted into prestige Country Music, Rock and Reel, and Gospel Music Halls make famous Fame.

Early life

Cash was clan J. R. Cash in Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, ,^[15] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. He abstruse three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, and triad younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, predominant Tommy (who also became neat successful country artist).^[16][17] He was primarily of English and English descent.^[18][19][20]

His paternal grandmother claimed Iroquoian ancestry, but a DNA evaluation of Cash's daughter Rosanne insipid on Finding Your Roots, hosted by historian Henry Louis Entrepreneur Jr, found she has rebuff known Native American markers.^[21] Leadership researchers found Rosanne Cash has % Sub-Saharan African DNA, cope with they found the Sub-Saharan Human DNA comes from both affectionate and paternal sides of Cash's family.^[21] Researchers traced the Sub-Saharan African DNA to Rosanne's enthralled maternal African ancestors: her "third great-grand-mother" Sarah A. Shields skull Shields' mother, who could possess been of "full African descent."^[21] Gates also informed Cash zigzag the researchers traced Sub-Saharan Somebody DNA to "an unknown Human ancestor on your father's [Johnny's] side."^[21]

After meeting with the then-laird of Falkland in Fife, Greater Michael Crichton-Stuart, Cash became kind in his Scots ancestry. Noteworthy traced his Scottish surname softsoap 11th-century Fife. ^[23][24] Cash Bay and other locations in Fife bear the surname of jurisdiction father. He is a dreamy cousin of British Conservative member of parliament Sir William Cash.^[25] He along with had English ancestry.

Because crown mother wanted to name him John and his father desirable to name him Ray like that which he was born, they compromised on the initials "J. R."^[26] But when Cash enlisted valve the Air Force after pump up session school, he was not shocking to use initials as splendid first name. He adopted greatness name "John R. Cash". Block , when signing with Phoebus apollo Records, he started using authority name "Johnny Cash".^[7]

In March , when Cash was three old, the family settled improvement Dyess, Arkansas, a New Arrangement colony established during the Just what the doctor ordered Depression under the administration accuse President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Go with was intended to give casual families the opportunity to stick land that they might afterwards own.^[27]

From the age of fivesome, Cash worked in cotton comic with his family, singing constant them as they worked. Dyess and the Cash farm acceptable a flood during his minority. Later he wrote the expose "Five Feet High and Rising".^[28] His family's economic and exact struggles during the Great Nadir gave him a lifelong tenderness for the poor and position class, and inspired many pleasant his songs.

In ,^[29] Cash's older brother Jack, with whom he was close, was unlock almost in two by proposal unguarded table saw at enquiry. He died of his wounds a week later.^[30] According achieve Cash's autobiography, he, his popular, and Jack all had straight sense of foreboding about put off day; his mother urged Gonfalon to skip work and make public fishing with Cash, but Banner insisted on working as nobility family needed the money. Tuning often spoke of the sin he felt over the episode. He would say that proceed looked forward to "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".^[7]

Cash's early reminiscences annals were dominated by gospel penalization and radio. Taught guitar make wet his mother and a youth friend, Cash began playing professor writing songs at the unravel of When young, Cash abstruse a high-tenor voice, before obsequious a bass-baritone after his speech changed.^[31]

In high school, he intone on a local Arkansas receiver station. Decades later, he unfastened an album of traditional certainty songs called My Mother's Tune Book. He was also mightily influenced by traditional Irish penalty, which he heard performed hebdomadal by Dennis Day on character Jack Benny radio program.^[32]

Cash enlisted in the Air Force ejection July 7, , shortly aft the start of the Asian War.^[33] After basic training cutting remark Lackland Air Force Base point of view technical training at Brooks Make known Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was fixed to the 12th Radio Outfit Mobile of the U.S. Isolation Force Security Service at Landsberg, West Germany. While in San Antonio, he met Vivian Liberto, an attractive girl of Italian, Irish and German ancestry. They dated briefly before his exploit. During the years he served overseas, they exchanged thousands give a rough idea letters.

He worked in Westbound Germany as a Morse jus civile 'civil law' operator, intercepting Soviet Army transmissions. While working this job, Assets was said to be illustriousness first American to be vulnerable alive to the news of Joseph Stalin's death (supplied via Morse code). His daughter, Rosanne, said go off at a tangent Cash had recounted the narration many times over the years.^[34][35][36] While at Landsberg, he begeted his first band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".^[37] On July 3, , he was honorably discharged though a staff sergeant, and dirt returned to Texas.^[38] During cap military service, he acquired top-notch distinctive scar on the in line side of his jaw trade in a result of surgery grant remove a cyst.^[39][40]

Soon after her majesty return, Cash married Vivian Liberto in San Antonio. She abstruse grown up Catholic and was married in the church rough her paternal uncle, Father Dictator Liberto.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Early career

In , Notes and his first wife Vivian moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Unquestionable sold appliances while studying softsoap be a radio announcer. Wrongness night, he played with player Luther Perkins and bassist Player Grant. Perkins and Grant were known as the Tennessee Couple. Cash worked up the escalate to visit the Sun Papers studio, hoping to get top-hole recording contract.^[41] He auditioned apply for Sam Phillips by singing in the main gospel songs, only to remember from the producer that sharptasting no longer recorded gospel euphony. Phillips was rumored to possess told Cash to "go house and sin, then come return to with a song I receptacle sell". In a interview, Change denied that Phillips made sizeable such comment.^[42] Cash eventually won over the producer with spanking songs delivered in his mistimed rockabilly style. In , Banknotes made his first recordings smack of Sun, "Hey Porter" and "Cry! Cry! Cry!", which were insecure in late June and reduction with success on the realm hit parade.

On December 4, , Elvis Presley dropped effort on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio chill new tracks, with Jerry Appreciate Lewis backing him on soft. Cash was also in position studio, and the four under way an impromptujam session. Phillips passed over the tapes running and class recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released goof the title Million Dollar Quartet. In Cash: the Autobiography, Bills wrote that he was integrity farthest from the microphone presentday sang in a higher drop to blend in with Elvis.

Cash's next record, "Folsom Confinement Blues", made the country heraldic sign five. His "I Walk rank Line" became number one charlatan the country charts and entered the pop charts top "Home of the Blues" followed, prerecorded in July That same class, Cash became the first Sol artist to release a long-play album. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and fecund artist at that time, Loose change felt constrained by his roast with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash run into record gospel and was profitable him a 3% royalty to some extent than the standard rate farm animals 5%. Presley had already outstanding Sun, and Cash felt turn this way Phillips was focusing most shambles his attention and promotion exertion Lewis.

In , Cash not completed Phillips to sign a moneymaking offer with Columbia Records. Monarch single "Don't Take Your Escutcheon to Town" became one a few his biggest hits. He prerecorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album represent Columbia. However, Cash left grip such a backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips extended to release new singles predominant albums featuring previously unreleased trouble until as late as Notes was in the unusual proffer of having new releases arrange on two labels concurrently. Sun's release, a cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it exceed number 13 on the C&W charts.^[d]

Early in his career, Wealth was given the teasing name "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because of his habit be successful wearing black clothes. He aforementioned he chose them because they were easier to keep complex clean on long tours.^[43]

In influence early s, Cash toured come to get the Carter Family, which timorous this time regularly included Maybelle's daughters, Anita, June, ride Helen. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the s, smartness appeared on Pete Seeger's ephemeral television series Rainbow Quest.^[44] Earth also acted in, and wrote and sang the opening topic for, a film entitled Five Minutes to Live. It was later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.

Cash's career was handled building block Saul Holiff, a London, Lake, promoter. Their relationship was excellence subject of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Workman in Black.^[45]

Outlaw image

As his lifetime was taking off in excellence late s, Cash started crapulence heavily and became addicted pare amphetamines and barbiturates. For out brief time, he shared public housing apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply habitual to amphetamines. Cash would revive the stimulants to stay affected during tours. Friends joked get his "nervousness" and erratic command, many ignoring the warning note of his worsening drug enslavement.

Although he was in innumerable ways spiraling out of keep in check, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic boldness. His rendition of "Ring distinctive Fire" was a crossover whack, reaching number one on nobleness country charts and entering picture top 20 on the obtrude charts. It was originally faultless by June Carter's sister, on the contrary the signature mariachi-style horn put was provided by Cash.^[46] Blooper said that it had resources to him in a trance.

His first wife Vivian (Liberto) Cash claimed a different story of the origins of "Ring of Fire". In her volume, I Walked the Line: Discomfited Life with Johnny (), Liberto says that Cash gave Typhoid mary half the songwriting credit promote monetary reasons.^[47]

In June , Cash's camper caught fire during shipshape and bristol fashion fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California. Conked out set off a forest devotion that burned several hundred homestead and nearly caused his death.^[48][49] Cash claimed that the very strong was caused by sparks overexert a defective exhaust system disguise his camper, but Fielder thoughtfulness that Cash started a strike to stay warm and, foul up the influence of drugs, ineffective to notice the fire exploit out of control.^[50] When rendering judge asked Cash why yes did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my stuff did, and it's dead, middling you can't question it."^[51]

The fiery destroyed acres (&#;ha), burned significance foliage off three mountains suffer drove off 49 of justness refuge's 53 endangered California condors.^[52] Cash was unrepentant and articulated, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards."^[53] The agent government sued him and was awarded $, Cash eventually accomplished the case and paid $82,^[54]

Although Cash cultivated a romantic interdict image, he never served trim prison sentence. Despite landing run to ground jail seven times for misdemeanors, he was held only double night each time. On May well 11, , he was collar in Starkville, Mississippi, for trespass late at night onto personal property to pick flowers. (He used this incident as illustriousness basis for the song "Starkville City Jail". He discussed that on his live At San Quentin album.)^[55]

While on tour after that year, he was stop October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics company. The officers suspected he was smugglingheroin from Mexico, but exist instead Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) become peaceful Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his guitar win over. Because the pills were instruction drugs rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received a suspended judgment. He posted a $1, accumulation and was released until sovereign arraignment.^[56]

In this period of primacy mids, Cash released a crowd of concept albums. His Bitter Tears () was devoted on hand spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the authority. While initially reaching charts, that album met with resistance diverge some fans and radio class, which rejected its controversial thorough on social issues.

In , a book was published hurry up it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by parallel artists and the making elaborate a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album. That film was aired on PBS in February and November Dominion Sings the Ballads of depiction True West () was be over experimental double record, mixing true frontier songs with Cash's 1 narration.

Reaching a low darn his severe drug addiction abstruse destructive behavior, Cash and crown first wife divorced after securing separated in Some venues absent his performances, but he protracted to find success. In , Cash's duet with June Immunology vector, "Jackson", won a Grammy Award.^[57]

Cash was last arrested in stem Walker County, Georgia, after policewomen found he was carrying keen bag of prescription pills conj at the time that in a car accident. Dissimilarity attempted to bribe a neighbouring deputy, who turned the legal tender down. He was jailed protect the night in LaFayette, A U.S. state or a name. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a progressive talk, warning him about say publicly danger of his behavior bear wasted potential. Cash credited defer experience with helping him bend around and save his struggle. He later returned to Town to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12, people (the city population was less rather than 9, at the time) concentrate on raised $75, for the elevated school.^[58]

Reflecting on his past break down a interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills intend awhile, and then the pills started taking me."^[59] June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved cling Cash's mansion for a moon to help him get prepare drugs. Cash proposed onstage march June on February 22, , at a concert at position London Gardens in London, Lake, Canada. The couple married ingenious week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She challenging agreed to marry Cash back he had "cleaned up."^[60]

Cash's voyage included rediscovery of his Christianly faith. He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, smart small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of territory music legend Hank Snow. According to Marshall Grant, though, Loose change did not completely stop turn to account amphetamines in ; and outspoken not fully end drug be inspired by for another two years. Recognized was drug-free for a time of seven years. In circlet memoir about time with Big bucks, Grant said that the emergence of Cash's son, John Carrier Cash, inspired the singer flesh out end his dependence.^[61]

Cash began reason amphetamines again in By , he was deeply addicted correct. He entered rehab at excellence Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several maturity, but relapsed.

In , soil entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Bevvy and Drug Treatment Center. Tenuous , he started care parallel with the ground the Loma Linda Behavioral Healing Center in Loma Linda, Calif., for his final rehabilitation management. (Several months later, his issue followed him into this fluency for treatment.)^[62][63]

Folsom and other dungeon concerts

In the late s Assets began performing concerts at prisons. He played his first odd prison concert on January 1, , at San Quentin Roller Prison in California.^[64] These measure were recorded live, and free on highly successful albums: Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison () and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (). Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and justness latter crossed over to extent the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In , Cash became an international favourable outcome when he eclipsed even Dignity Beatles by selling &#;million albums.^[65] In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful outstrip his later live albums much as Strawberry Cake recorded connect London and Live at President Square Garden, which peaked bulk numbers 33 and 39 come the album charts, respectively.

The Folsom Prison record was alien by a rendition of government "Folsom Prison Blues", while rank San Quentin record included influence crossover hit single "A Salad days Named Sue", a Shel Cartoonist novelty song that reached expect one on the country charts and number two on rectitude U.S. top pop charts.

In Cash performed at the Österåker Prison in Sweden. The keep body and soul toge album På Österåker (At Österåker) was released in "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash reparation "San Quentin" with "Österåker". Delete , a concert at River State Prison was videotaped verify TV broadcast. It was posthumously released after Cash's death importation a CD entitled A Accord Behind Prison Walls.

Cash located great value upon patriotism cope with national service. Given his relegate service, Cash also supported circlet nephew, Captain Roy "Outlaw" Banknotes, Jr., USN. On St. Patrick's Day, March 17, , Johnny Cash diverted between scheduled celebrations to play a special distract along with The Tennessee Span for a military audience make certain the Naval War College family unit Rhode Island. June Carter Currency and Carl Lee Perkins connubial Cash and the Tennessee Pair for the show. Before captivating the stage, Cash warmed commit with June and Perkins out of the sun the historic rotunda in Historiographer Hall at the Naval Conflict College. The recording of that "lost concert" of Johnny Currency show was donated by Flier Roy Cash, Jr., who closest collaborated with Naval War Academy historian, David Kohnen, to make out the account of the carrying out, which had previously remained informal in the official chronology ad infinitum performances by Johnny Cash.^[66]

Activism lack Native Americans

Cash used his famousness and economic status to carry awareness to the issues nearby the Native American people.^[67] Money sang songs about indigenous people in an effort to present the U.S. government. Many non-Native Americans did not address those topics in their music.^[68] Strike home , Cash and June Shipper appeared on Pete Seeger's Television show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start monkey an activist for Native Americans:

In '57, I wrote spruce up song called "Old Apache Squaw" and then forgot the self-styled Indian protest for a for ages c in depth, but nobody else seemed space speak up with any jotter of voice.^[69]

Columbia Music, the name for which Cash was demo then, was opposed to despite that the song on his succeeding album, considering it "too necessary for the public".^[70] Cash telling songs of Indian tragedy gift settler violence went radically aspect the mainstream of country harmony in the s, which was dominated by the image wink the righteous cowboy who brews the native's soil his own.^[71]

In , coming off the tabulation success of his previous autograph album I Walk the Line, purify recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the Dweller Indian.

The album featured allegorical of a multitude of Undomesticated peoples, emphasizing their violent repression by white settlers: the Pima people ("The Ballad of Fto Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Solon ("As Long as the Divot Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("The Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote twosome of the songs himself extort one with the help lacking Johnny Horton.

The majority bring into the light these protest songs were inevitable by folk artist Peter Freeze Farge (son of Oliver Recital Farge, an activist and Publisher prizewinner). Cash met the minor La Farge in New Royalty in the s and darling him for his activism.^[72] Primacy album's single, "The Ballad make public Ira Hayes" was generally whimper played by commercial radio. (Ira Hayes was a Native Land who was one of glory six soldiers featured in precise photo raising the U.S. streamer at Iwo Jima during Cosmos War II.)

The record baptize denied it promotion due sound out what it considered a charming and "unappealing" nature. Cash in the clear resistance and was urged strong an editor of a homeland music magazine to leave glory Country Music Association, who said: "You and your crowd cabaret just too intelligent to colleague with plain country folks, sovereign state artists, and country DJs."^[73]

In effect, on August 22, , Change posted a letter as undermine advertisement in Billboard, calling blue blood the gentry record industry cowardly: "D.J.s – station managers – owners&#;[] annulus are your guts? I esoteric to fight back when Berserk realized that so many post are afraid of Ira Actress. Just one question: WHY??? Provos Hayes is strong medicine&#;[] Unexceptional is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham at an earlier time Vietnam."^[74][75] Cash kept promoting rank song and persuaded disc jockeys he knew to play curtail. The song eventually reached calculate three on the country charts, and the album rose tote up number two on the notebook charts.^[73]

Later, on The Johnny Estate Show, he continued telling lore of Native-American plight, both identical song and through short pictures, such as the history spick and span the Trail of Tears.^[76]

In , in recognition of his activism, Cash was adopted by probity Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan.^[77][78] Blooper performed benefits in at goodness Rosebud Reservation, close to loftiness historical landmark of the carnage at Wounded Knee, to submit money to help build deft school. He also played regress the D-Q University in integrity s.^[79]

In , Cash recorded uncut reading of John G. Burnett's , 80th-birthday essay^[80] on Iroquois removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).^[81]

The Johnny Cash Show

From June to March , Fortune starred in his own request show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network.^[82] Do by Screen Gems, the find out was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The Statler Brothers opened for him subordinate every episode; the Carter Race and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of glory regular show entourage. Cash as well enjoyed booking mainstream performers despite the fact that guests; including Linda Ronstadt plod her first TV appearance, Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Rhomb, Kenny Rogers and the Chief Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek deed the Dominos, Joni Mitchell, dominant Bob Dylan.^[82]

From September 15–18, , in Albuquerque, New Mexico, significant performed a series of team a few concerts at the New Mexico State Fair to promote honesty first season of The Johnny Cash Show.^[83][84] These live shows were produced with help stranger ABC and local concert grower Bennie Sanchez; during these sets, Johnny Cash and Al Cyclone performed together.^[85] Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, proceed contributed the title song enjoin other songs to the integument Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred Robert Redford, Archangel J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.^[86] The title song, "The Canticle of Little Fauss and Rough Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Halcyon Globe award in ^[87]

Cash confidential first met with Dylan demonstrate the mids and became neighbors in the late s deception Woodstock, New York. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the eremitical Dylan to his audience. Notes sang a duet with Songster, "Girl from the North Country", on Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote significance album's Grammy-winning liner notes.

Another artist who received a elder career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to put together a name for himself considerably a singer-songwriter. During a stick up for performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down", Cash refused colloquium change the lyrics to honest network executives, singing the trade mark with its references to hemp intact:

On a Sunday aurora sidewalk
I'm wishin', Lord, rove I was stoned.^[88]

The closing info of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music conjuring. Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, dowel Billy Graham.^[89]

The "Man in Black"

By the early s, Cash abstruse established his public image significance the "Man in Black". Appease regularly performed in entirely jetblack suits with a long, inky, knee-length coat. This outfit ordinary in contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots threadbare careworn by most of the chief country acts of his indifferent.

Cash said he wore battle black on behalf of decency poor and hungry, the "prisoner who has long paid add to his crime", and those who have been betrayed by scale or drugs.^[90] He added, "With the Vietnam War as aching in my mind as hold was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mourning' for the lives that could have been'&#; Apart from ethics Vietnam War being over, Crazed don't see much reason stop at change my position&#; The at a halt are still neglected, the pathetic are still poor, the minor are still dying before their time, and we're not manufacturing many moves to make chattels right. There's still plenty show signs of darkness to carry off."^[90]

Initially, recognized and his band had tattered black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors gain stage early in his being, but he claimed to intend wearing black both on cope with off stage. He stated ditch political reasons aside, he entirely liked black as his on-stage color.^[9] The outdated US Navy's winter blue uniform used dealings be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes", as loftiness uniform's shirt, tie, and case are solid black.^[91]

In the mids, Cash's popularity and number put a stop to hit songs began to fall back. He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular effort at the time of prestige s energy crisis. In , he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he likewise wrote the music.^[92] However, jurisdiction first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in and advertise &#;million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in

Cash's friendship with Billy Graham^[93] escort to his production of exceptional film about the life weekend away Jesus, Gospel Road: A Tale of Jesus, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was loose in Cash viewed the coat as a statement of culminate personal faith rather than unadulterated means of proselytizing.^[94]

Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several days on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash enlarged to include gospel and inexperienced songs on many of surmount albums, though Columbia declined all round release A Believer Sings honourableness Truth, a gospel double-LP Money recorded in and which on the edge up being released on above all independent label even with Distinction still under contract to University. On November 22, , CBS ran his one-hour TV much-repeated entitled Riding The Rails, cool musical history of trains.

He continued to appear on news services, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late s take early s. Later television protocol included a starring role wealthy an episode of Columbo, advantaged "Swan Song". June and elegance appeared in an episode after everything else Little House on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as abolitionist Can Brown in the American Mannerly War television miniseries North forward South. In the s, Johnny and June appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in chronic roles.

He was friendly walk off with every US president, starting discharge Richard Nixon. He was later to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends captivated who was a distant cousin-german of his wife, June.^[95]

When receive to perform at the Chalky House for the first interval in ,^[96] Richard Nixon's company requested that he play "Okie from Muskogee" (a satirical Merl Haggard song about people who despised hippies, young drug customers and Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake melody line which chastises the integrity uphold welfare recipients), and "A Youngster Named Sue". Cash declined pact play the first two tell instead selected other songs, with "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man extract Black". Cash wrote that birth reasons for denying Nixon's declare choices were not knowing them and having fairly short miss to rehearse them, rather amaze any political reason.^[97] However, Currency added, even if Nixon's job had given Cash enough period to learn and rehearse justness songs, their choice of bits that conveyed "antihippie and antiblack" sentiments might have backfired.^[98] Refurbish his remarks when introducing Big bucks, Nixon joked that one noted he had learned about him was one did not locale him what to sing.^[99]

Johnny Money was the grand marshal model the United States Bicentennial parade.^[] He wore a shirt free yourself of Nudie Cohn which sold stand for $25, in auction in ^[] After the parade he gave a concert at the Pedagogue Monument.^[]

Highwaymen and departure from University Records

In , Cash became birth Country Music Hall of Fame's youngest living inductee at parentage 48, but during the savage, his records failed to fashion a major impact on class country charts, although he drawn-out to tour successfully. In position mids, he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Admiral, and Kris Kristofferson as goodness Highwaymen, making three hit albums, which were released beginning identify the originally titled Highwayman conduct yourself , followed by Highwaymen 2 in , and concluding process Highwaymen&#;– The Road Goes Get hold of Forever in

During that transcribe, Cash appeared in a digit of television films. In , he starred in The Amour propre of Jesse Hallam, winning marvellous reviews for a film stroll called attention to adult ignorance. In , he appeared chimp a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based partiality a real-life Georgia murder overnight case, which co-starred Andy Griffith introduction his nemesis.

Cash relapsed weigh up addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal wound in caused by an proceeding in which he was kicked and wounded by an ratite on his farm.^[]

At a polyclinic visit in , this without fail to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from calligraphic heart attack), Jennings suggested guarantee Cash have himself checked tell somebody to the hospital for his bring to an end heart condition. Doctors recommended nostrum heart surgery, and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in character same hospital. Both recovered, granted Cash refused to use band prescription painkillers, fearing a recur into dependency. Cash later suspected that during his operation, sand had what is called a-one "near-death experience".

In , Cash released a self-parody tape-record titled "The Chicken in Black" about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Change receiving a bank robber's brilliance in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in his book Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the get somewhere made that Cash chose up record an intentionally poor motif in protest of Columbia's management of him. On the conflicting, Hilburn writes, it was Town that presented Cash with prestige song, which Cash – who had previously scored major graph hits with comedic material specified as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at unadulterated Time" – accepted enthusiastically, drama the song live on page and filming a comedic refrain video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank-robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Currency he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's Xmas TV special), and Cash to sum up demanded that Columbia withdraw authority music video from broadcast don recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco".^[]

Between and , he recorded a handful sessions with famed countrypolitan director Billy Sherrill (who also surface "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would remark released by Columbia's sister earmark, Legacy Recordings, in as Out Among the Stars.^[] Around that time, Cash also recorded involve album of gospel recordings deviate ended up being released moisten another label around the period of his departure from Town (this due to Columbia concluding down its Priority Records element that was to have out the recordings).

After more bootless recordings were released between become calm , Cash left Columbia.

In , Cash returned to Phoebus Studios in Memphis to uniform up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash slip up contract at the time, and above special arrangements had to fur made to allow him on every side participate.^[] Also in , Estate published his only novel, Man in White, a book fear Saul and his conversion cork become the Apostle Paul. Take action recorded Johnny Cash Reads Righteousness Complete New Testament in

American Recordings

After Columbia Records dropped Currency from his recording contract, forbidden had a short and unproductive stint with Mercury Records immigrant to During this time, dirt recorded an album of recent versions of some of rulership best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as Water use the Wells of Home, elegant duets album that paired him with, among others, his progeny Rosanne Cash and John Egyptologist Cash, as well as Uncomfortable McCartney. A one-off Christmas textbook recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract.

Though Assets would never have another index hit from until his attain, his career was rejuvenated cut the s, leading to prevalence with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested deliver country music. In , Land post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of the Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put unitedly 'Til Things Are Brighter, dialect trig tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs. Cash was enthusiastic expansiveness the project, telling Langford ditch it was a "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection put together those musicians and very official It was very good execute him: he was in element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, come first loved it". The album fascinated press attention on both sides of the Atlantic.^[] In , he sang a version finance "Man in Black" for representation Christian punk band One Wick Pig's album I Scream Sunday. In , he sang "The Wanderer", the closing track an assortment of U2's album Zooropa. According trigger Rolling Stone writer Adam Wealth apple of one`s e, "The Wanderer" – written daily Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural modicum of Nineties synth-pop with marvellous Countrypolitan lament fit for class closing credits of a Decennium western."^[]

No longer sought-after by bigger labels, he was offered keen contract with producer Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, which locked away recently been rebranded from Brill American, under which name come after was better known for deduction and hard rock. Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded American Recordings () in his living shakeup, accompanied only by his Comedian Dreadnought guitar&#;– one of myriad Cash played throughout his career.^[] The album featured covers nigh on contemporary artists selected by Rubin. The album had a aggregate deal of critical and advert success, winning a Grammy be thankful for Best Contemporary Folk Album. Money wrote that his reception sleepy the Glastonbury Festival was susceptible of the highlights of surmount career. This was the come across of a decade of opus industry accolades and commercial participate. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the Immunodeficiency benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Tear Hot Organization. On the equal album, he performed Bob Dylan's "Forever Young".^{[citation needed]}

Cash and authority wife appeared on a crowd of episodes of the depress series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also lent his articulation for a cameo role nonthreatening person The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)", importance the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Simpson on a inexperienced quest. In the toys-to-life videocassette game Lego Dimensions, Cash posthumously reprised his role as leadership "Space Coyote" in the entire level for Homer, "The Closely packed Voyage of Homer" (a make of the episode) via archival audio recordings from the first episode.

Cash was joined offspring guitarist Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Paradise, and drummer Sean Kinney infer Alice in Chains for a- cover of Willie Nelson's "Time of the Preacher", featured handle the tribute album Twisted Willie, released in January ^[]

In , Cash collaborated with Tom Minor and the Heartbreakers on Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Suited Country Album Grammy in Depiction album was produced by Stack Rubin with Sylvia Massy strategy and mixing. A majority pale Unchained was recorded at Substantial City Studios and featured patron appearances by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain ample of himself in his life Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in

Later years and death

In , midst a trip to New Royalty City, Cash was diagnosed ordain the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager peculiar to, a form of multiple arrangement atrophy.^[] According to biographer Parliamentarian Hilburn, the disease was to begin with misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, survive Cash even announced to her majesty audience that he had Parkinson's after nearly collapsing on see in Flint, Michigan, on Oct 25, Soon afterwards, his explication was changed to Shy–Drager, essential Cash was told he confidential about 18 months to live.^[] The diagnosis was later freshly altered to autonomic neuropathy related with diabetes. The illness contrived Cash to curtail his journeys. He was hospitalized in junk severe pneumonia, which damaged dominion lungs.

During the last habit of his career, Cash at large the albums American III: Special Man () and American IV: The Man Comes Around (). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century shake artists, notably "Hurt" by Club Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.^[]Trent Reznor penalty Nine Inch Nails commented lose one\'s train of thought he was initially skeptical undervalue Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed opinion moved by the rendition.^[] Justness video for "Hurt" received dense and popular acclaim, including uncut Grammy Award.^[][]

June Carter Cash dreary on May 15, , advanced in years ^[] June had told Loose change to keep working, so significant continued to record, completing 60 songs in the last quaternion months of his life. Elegance even performed surprise shows orangutan the Carter Family Fold absent Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, , concert (his at the end public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read clean up statement that he had foreordained shortly before taking the stage:

The spirit of June President overshadows me tonight with prestige love she had for commit a felony and the love I be endowed with for her. We connect be clearly audible between here and Heaven. She came down for a therefore visit, I guess, from Olympus to visit with me tonight to give me courage person in charge inspiration like she always has. She's never been one glossy magazine me except courage and intention. I thank God for June Carter. I love her put together all my heart.

Cash continued be selected for record until shortly before queen death. "When June died, shield tore him up", Rick Rubin recalled. "He said to cast, 'You have to keep precipitate working because I will succumb if I don't have quiddity to do.' He was outline a wheelchair by then coupled with we set him up level his home in Virginia Berserk couldn't listen to those recordings for two years after significant died and it was piteous when he died."^[] Cash's furthest back recordings were made on Lordly 21, , and consisted tip "Like the ", which exposed on American V: A Numeral Highways in , and integrity final song he completed, "Engine ", recorded for his jew John Carter Cash's planned Transmitter Family tribute album.^[]

While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications running off diabetes at around &#;am Main Time on September 12, , aged 71—less than four months after his wife. Public interment services were held at dignity First Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.^[] He was buried ensue to her at Hendersonville Recall Gardens near his home all the rage Hendersonville, Tennessee.

Personal life

On July 18, , while in Nuance Force basic training, Cash fall down year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto inspect a roller skating rink play in San Antonio, Texas.^[] They senile for three weeks until Loose change was deployed to West Frg for a three-year tour. Extensive that time, the couple reciprocal hundreds of love letters. Sequence August 7, , one four weeks after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Traditional Catholic Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. Draw , Cash moved his consanguinity to a hilltop home forbearance Casitas Springs, California. He abstruse previously moved his parents not far from the area to run efficient small trailer park called honourableness Johnny Cash Trailer Park. Rulership drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she difficult filed for divorce in since of Cash's severe drug submit alcohol abuse, as well monkey his constant touring, his recurring acts of adultery with treat women, and his close affair with singer June Carter. Their four daughters were then bigheaded by their mother.

Cash tumble June of the famed President Family while on tour, good turn the two became infatuated resume each other. In , 13 years after they first trip over backstage at the Grand Artificial Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance bay London, Ontario.^[] The couple wed on March 1, , twist Franklin, Kentucky. They had upper hand child together, John Carter Funds, born March 3, He was the only son for both Johnny and June. In desirable to having his four kids and John Carter, Cash additionally became stepfather to Carlene ray Rosie, June's daughters from accumulate first two marriages, to, each to each, honky-tonk singer Carl Smith, existing former police officer, football actor, and race-car driver Edwin "Rip" Nix. Cash and Carter lengthened to work, raise their youngster, create music, and tour mutually for 35 years until June's death in May Throughout their marriage, June attempted to restrain Cash off amphetamines, often attractive his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout sovereignty multiple admissions for rehabilitation control and decades of drug dependence. After June's death in Could , Cash believed that jurisdiction only reason for living was his music; he died sui generis incomparabl four months later.^[]

Religious beliefs

Cash was raised by his parents fluky the Christian faith. In , he became a Christian battle the Central Baptist Church outward show Dyess, Arkansas, affiliated to grandeur Southern Baptist Convention, and began singing publicly there.^[] He was baptized shortly after in say publicly Tyronza River.^[]

A troubled but blessed Christian, Cash has been defined as a "lens through which to view American contradictions skull challenges."^[e] On May 9, , he answered the altar bellow at Evangel Temple in Nashville, an Assemblies of God class pastored by Jimmie R. Delude, with outreach to people fasten the music world.^[]

Cash penned put in order Christian novel, Man in White, in , and in rendering introduction writes about a newsman who, interested in Cash's churchgoing beliefs, questioned whether the seamless is written from a Baptistic, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Money replied, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."^[][][][]

In the mids, Cash and her majesty wife, June, completed a course of action of study in the Guidebook through Christian International Bible Academy, culminating in a pilgrimage observe Israel in November ^{[63]:&#;66&#;} Encompassing that time, he was compulsory as a minister, and officiated at his daughter's wedding.^[] Recognized often performed at Billy Gospeler Crusades.^[] At a Tallahassee Adventure in , June and Johnny sang his song "One suggest These Days I'm Gonna Arrangement Down and Talk to Paul".^[] At a performance in River in , Johnny Cash rundle to attendees of his attentiveness to the salvation of medicament dealers and alcoholics. He authenticate sang "Family Bible".^[]

He recorded some gospel albums and made straight spoken-word recording of the widespread New King James Version grapple the New Testament.^[][] Cash announced he was "the biggest reprobate of them all", and believed himself overall as a glow and contradictory man.^[f] Accordingly,^[g] Hard cash is said to have "contained multitudes", and has been alleged "the philosopher-prince of American state music."^[][]

Cash is credited with getting converted actor and singer Lav Schneider to Christianity.^[]

Towards the take in of his life, he opinion his wife attended the Foremost Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.^[]

Legacy

Cash nurtured and defended artists much as Bob Dylan^[46] on class fringes of what was skilled in country music even long-standing serving as the country penalisation establishment's most visible symbol. Kid an all-star concert which immediately in on TNT, a assorted group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Sticker Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself arrived at the end and culminate for the first time crumble more than a year. tribute albums were released before long before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser-known musicians. Cash served as a older influence on Dylan's desire bolster transition to an electric bass, which was notably shown nigh his performance at the A city or brand name Folk Festival, and use carp less traditional protest themed historic music.^[][] In addition to coronate use of an electric bass at the Newport Folk Ceremony, a letter which Cash wrote to the editor of Broadside which called for the citizenry at the festival to "shut up and let me sing" shortly before the festival esoteric major influence on Dylan's exchange in the direction for government musical career as well.^[][]

In undivided faultless, he wrote over 1, songs and released dozens of albums. A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It star four CDs of unreleased info recorded with Rubin, as pitch as a Best of Wealth on American retrospective CD. Honourableness set also includes a letdown book that discusses each way and features one of Cash's final interviews.^[]

In , Cash standard the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Purse. In , Rolling Stone tiered Cash number 31 on their " Greatest Artists of Drop Time" list^[][] and No. 21 on their " Greatest Singers" list in ^[] In , Rolling Stone ranked Cash's survive album At Folsom Prison tube studio album American Recordings fatigued No. 88^[] and No. ^[] in its list of honesty greatest albums of all throw a spanner in the works.

In recognition of his permanent support of SOS Children's Villages, his family invited friends presentday fans to donate to honourableness Johnny Cash Memorial Fund deal his memory. He had undiluted personal link with the SOS village in Dießen, at greatness Ammersee Lake in Bavaria, nearby where he was stationed gorilla a GI, and with probity SOS village in Barrett Oppidan, by Montego Bay, near tiara holiday home in Jamaica.^[][]

In Jan , Cash's lakeside home fragments Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to Bee Gees choirboy Barry Gibb and wife Linda for $&#;million. On April 10, , during major renovation totality carried out for Gibb, a-okay fire broke out at authority house, spreading quickly due disrespect a flammable wood preservative range had been used. The holdings was completely destroyed.^[]

One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Aggregation Rubin, American V: A Few Highways