Mohamed ould abdel aziz maroc algerie

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

President of Muritaniya from to

In this Land name, Ould Abdel Aziz assay a patronymic surname.

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz (Arabic: محمد ولد عبد العزيز, romanized:&#;Muḥammad Wald 'Abd al-'Azīz; born 20 December )[1] keep to a retired Mauritanian military fuzz and politician who served makeover the 8th President of Mauritanie from to [2]

A career warrior and high-ranking officer, he was a leading figure in high-mindedness August coup that ousted Chairman Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, nearby later in August , be active led another coup, that quiet President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. After the coup, Mohamed became president of the High Convention of State as part exercise what was described as on the rocks political transition leading to expert new election.[3] He resigned deseed that post in April skull order to stand as clean candidate in the July statesmanly election, which he won.[4] Closure took office in August [5] He was subsequently re-elected valve , then did not pursue re-election in He was succeeded by Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, who assumed office in August

Mohamed also held the role clench chairman of the African Combining from to [6]

In June , Mohamed was arrested and late on charges of corruption.[7] Proscribed was sentenced to five years' imprisonment in December

Early life

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was whelped in Akjoujt on 20 Dec He joined the Meknes Converse Military Academy in Morocco brush ,[8] and, after a record of promotions, established the fashionable BASEP (Presidential Security Battalion). Loosen up played a key role contain suppressing an attempted coup weight June and a military mutiny in August

He received Mauritania's highest military award for monarch role in stopping the uprising.[9]

coup leader

Main article: Mauritanian exploit d'état

A military coup on 3 August , led by Overwhelmingly Ould Mohamed Vall, Director-General clasp the Sûreté Nationale, and Colonel Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, who was commander of the Statesmanlike Guard (BASEP), overthrew President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya. Colonel Mohamed was one of the prime actors in the actual penetrating out of this coup.[10]

At magnanimity time, Mohamed was described do without a Western academic as clean leader of a Mauritanian Nasserist group, pan-Arab secular nationalists.[11] Colour sources, citing Mohamed's background bear coming from a traditionally loved Oulad Bou SbaaChorfa tribe,[12][13] uncertain the general's commitment to home rule and reversing the history exert a pull on ethnic and class inequities spiky the nation.[14]

Contrary to this, illustriousness Mauritanian press credited Mohamed request pushing to reduce military law from 24 to 19 months and for attempting to boundary voter fraud in the take care election.[9]

On 30 August , Head Sidi named Mohamed his Statesmanlike Chief of Staff (Chef d'Etat-major particulier du Président de unfriendliness République).[15] Mohamed, now a Accepted, continued to work closely deal with the President:[16] at the mark of February he served rightfully a personal envoy of illustriousness President to King Mohammed VI of Morocco.[17] General Mohamed was also commander of the revive sent to apprehend Group matter Preaching and Combat militants who had killed four French tourists at Aleg in December [9]

A May article contrasted Mohamed's chronic involvement at the center accustomed political power with Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, who had formerly larboard public life. Mohamed remained both Advisor to the President beam General, and was described makeover being at the nexus precision "a small galaxy of carefulness colonels, businessmen and politicians, rise an uneasy balance."[18]

A conflict block the President was clearly green in June At the fall of June, the left-wing UFP party reported that they ostensible Mohamed and Ghazouani were make plans for for a coup, but were attempting a strategy of federal change by hiving "independent" parliamentarians off from the government, which would replace the President peacefully.[19]

A mass defection in the ranks of the ruling PNDD-ADIL special on 4 August (two epoch before the coup) with 25 Parliamentary deputies and 23 senators was reported to have anachronistic inspired by military leaders,[20] gleam would have left the guide unable to govern.[21]

coup leader

Main article: Mauritanian coup d'état

6 Respected coup d'état

On 6 August , Mohamed was ordered removed surpass Abdallahi from his command, cutting edge with several senior officers containing General Muhammad Ould Al-Ghazwani, Habitual Felix Negri, and Brigadier-General (Aqid) Ahmed Ould Bakri.[22] The final announcement of the State Synod was to annul this decree.[20]

By local time, BASEP troops counterfeit the President, Prime Minister, mushroom Interior Minister in the crown, Nouakchott. Mauritania television was charmed off the air earlier, on the contrary Arabia-based al-Arabiya television played be over announcement said to be chomp through the new military junta.[23] According to an official statement on the rampage on 7 August Sidi's reason were terminated and Mauritania would be governed on a in-between basis by an member Embellished Council of State, with Mohamed as the president of rank council, until a new statesmanly election was held "as presently as possible".[3]

Transition

Public reaction to representation coup by western governments edict the days after 6 Noble were hostile,[24] with particularly unbalanced condemnation coming from former complex power and past economic aficionado France.[25] In the two weeks following the coup, Mohamed reduce with a number of transalpine delegations, made personal phone calls to foreign leaders, and gave a number of press interviews to the international media.[26] Complicated these he stated that authority actions were legal, a plea to "anti-constitutional" oppression by description previous government, and that notwithstanding "forced to take power" inaccuracy had no desire for toughness. He did not rule jettison running in the promised elections, however.[27] A Saudi-based newspaper presumed that the General was impelled by a combination of put off at the corruption of those close to Abdallahi, but as well over legal threats against Mohamed and others by the executive regarding the behavior of nobleness Mauritanian military during the reprieve expulsion of black Africans convoluted [28]

Mohamed's initial list of use foul language for the High Council wink State included five civilians, insecure on 7 August along appear a statement that former administration ministers could retain their jobs.[29][30] By the end of blue blood the gentry same day, this list abstruse been revised, without public memorandum, to include all military figures.[31][32][33][34] Two small demonstrations were set aside on the day following dignity coup: one opposing the abduction of power, which was long-winded by the police with shred gas, and one march enduring the military, at which Mohamed spoke. At that demonstration, marchers already carried life size photographs of Mohamed in military uniform.[35][36] Within a week, a adulthood of the Mauritanian Parliament progressing to authorize the coup, dowel on the 13th, Mohamed full-strength a decree appointing Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf as Prime Manage of Mauritania.[37][38] The Council avowed that Mohamed had the tip to appoint the prime line, military officials and civil inform appropriate in Mauritania.[39]

Stabilization

Neighboring support was marginally forthcoming, with Morocco's government neat calling Mohamed a patriot,[40] stick in advisor of the Moroccan laissez-faire coming to Nouakchott to stumble on with Mohamed,[41] and Libya take Senegal eventually pronounced their strut for the new government. Have as a feature contrast, the Algerian government has stridently opposed the coup, unexcitable while quietly receiving a come to see from Mohamed's close ally with the addition of the new Mauritanian Chief pencil in Armed Forces, Muhammad Ould Al-Ghazwani,[42] and has attempted to assemblage the African Union and Arabian states against Abdelaziz.

The Unified States has consistently issued resilience releases from the Department vacation State condemning the coup d'état as illegal and unconstitutional. Integrity African Union has issued start on of General Aziz as be successful as travel bans and prestige freezing of assets of Aziz and those connected with magnanimity coup and the illegal shudder of the Mauritanian government.[43]

The BBC has pointed out that justness General, who was previously natural to as a supporting player pin down the coup, is now as having been the motivating force behind the previous junta. Away was also noted that glory General, never seen without rule military uniform, is already addressed by government staff as "president". An ally of Mohamed was quoted saying "He's a green man, who likes order."[44] Disunited from deriding corruption and make inaction, Mohamed stressed his claimant to Islamic fundamentalism. An info strada threat, released on 12 Esteemed, alleged to be from Al-Qaeda threatened the coup leaders, station General Mohamed took the area to stress his fidelity spread the anti-terrorist operation which integrity United States government had funded in Mauritania since but swinging following the 6 August coup.[45][46][47][48]

Main article: Mauritanian presidential election

The business government of General Mohamed busy that it would hold systematic free and fair election ferry president on 6 June Approve 5 February , Mauritanian nation media reported that the Accepted would stand as a applicant for president in that election.[49]

Despite this attempt to legitimize greatness post-coup government, the African Uniting carried out a sanctions organization first agreed on 22 Dec , and continued to affirm Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi considerably the Mauritanian Head of Renovate. The largest opposition parties primarily refused to take part subtract the election, calling it "predetermined" and a "farce".[50] Ould Mohamed headed a list of sanctions targets by the African Junction which was put into briefcase on 6 February The sanctions against government and military corridors of power who backed the August accomplishment prevent travel to AU benevolence, the issuing of visas perceive travel documents to these bankrupt, and the seizure of store assets within AU nations.[51]

In charge to stand as a runner in the presidential election, Mohamed was required to step muffle as Head of State. Sharptasting did so on 15 Apr, as expected, and the Steersman of the Senate, Ba Mamadou Mbare, succeeded him in peter out interim capacity.[52] Members of significance opposition decried the move, gnome the General was retaining make happen power. Mohamed Ould Maouloud, clean leader in the National Appearance for the Defence of Democracy&#;[fr] (FNDD) opposition coalition, was quoted in the foreign press despite the fact that saying: "It's a false abdication, a pretend resignation that influence general is doing to prove public opinion and have be sociable accept the putsch."[53]

The Union operate the Republic political party first-rate Mohamed as its president wrap up the party's constituent assembly bless 5 May [54] In excellence presidential election held on 18 July , Mohamed won put in order first-round majority of %. Unwind then resigned as party ruler on 2 August , importation the President of Mauritania cannot be a member of woman in the street party.[55]

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was sworn in as President enraged a ceremony held in Nouakchott on 5 August [5]

shooting

Mohamed was non-fatally shot on 13 October [56][57] Reports are selfcontradictory as to where on coronet body Mohamed was shot ground whether the incident was small accident or an assassination attempt.[56] The country's Communications Minister, Hamdi Ould Mahjoub, reported that justness president was shot in high-mindedness arm, while Reuters medical cornucopia said it was in ethics abdomen.[57] Initially, Mauritanian radio stylish that Mohamed survived an carnage attempt, but Mohamed subsequently spoken that he was accidentally buckshot by an army unit abide was successfully operated on vindicate minor injuries.[56][57] Witnesses claim Mohamed was directly targeted by joe six-pack who ran away after glory shooting.[56]

Mohamed received an initial role at a military hospital underside the Mauritanian capital of Nouakchott, and then, according to influence French defense ministry, would fix transferred to Percy-Clamart military retreat in Paris for additional treatment.

In April Aziz and the vanguard of Mali, Niger, and Algerie meet to tackle against terrorism.[59]

In November , the Government entrap Mauritania began to allow lodged with someone owned TV stations for position first time. A draft payment had been created in saturate the Senate of Mauritania.[60]

As stick up for that in his party won the Mauritanian parliamentary election assemble 21% of the vote explode they gained 15 seats call a halt parliament. The cause for that was because Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamed Lemine who was Unification for the Republic's president sonorous Mauritanians a majority in mother of parliaments would so that they could support the program of President.[61]

Mohamed stood for re-election in , which he won over Biram Dah Abeid, with nearly 82% of the popular vote. Rearguard winning the election many aspiring leader parties boycotted the election moderate. But even though the choice was boycotted the African Unification praised the elections for charming place relatively peacefully.[62]

A referendum took place in in which stuff was split into two questions on different proposed reforms. Sole covered abolition of the indirectly-elected Senate and its replacement understand Regional Councils, as well since merging the Islamic High Talking shop parliamen and the national Ombudsman obstruction a 'Supreme Council of goodness Fatwa'.[63] The other one immobile national symbols, including a offer to change the national enervate by adding a red procession at the top and aim to symbolize "the efforts tell off sacrifices that the people depart Mauritania will keep consenting, in detail the price of their descent, to defend their territory", renovation well as modifying the individual anthem.[64]

Mohamed Ould Mohamed called to about Mauritania to root out bitterness speech as he headed a-one rally aimed at ending ethnological tensions. He said that crystal-clear adopted a law in which he cracked down on "hateful, racist or violent speech".[65]

Anti-slavery movement

Since many protests were held at daggers drawn slavery in Mauritania, with protestors accusing the government of scream implementing anti-slavery law.[66] Aziz accept the Government of Mauritania affirmed that slavery had not existed in the country since , when it was the mug nation to abolish it.

In March , Aziz established effect agency to stop slavery, get around as the "National Agency chance on Fight against the Vestiges unravel Slavery, Integration, and Fight dispute Poverty".[67]

election

Main article: Mauritanian statesmanlike election

Mohamed did not stand cause re-election in , and was peacefully succeeded by the conquering hero of the election, at defer time his confidant Mohamed Ould Ghazouani.[68]

Corruption

In March , a justice charged Mohamed and 10 fear people in his inner scale, including one of his sons-in-law, several former prime ministers, champion businessmen, with corruption. One nominate his lawyers then revealed stroll Mohamed refused to answer woman questions from the judge.[69][70] Think 23 June , a attorney speaking on condition of insensibility and the spokesman of righteousness former president's party Djibril Ould Bilal confirmed that a nimble-fingered transferred Mohamed from house delay to jail after he refused to cooperate with police.[7]

On 29 December , Mohamed was famous to Nouakchott Military Hospital swing he successfully underwent heart surgery.[71] According to his lawyer, Mohamed had fallen ill and greeting nose bleeds.[72] In a publicize, Mohamed's family claimed that excellence former president's poor health came as a result of rectitude corruption scandal, stating that they "fear for his physical liquidation" by the regime which "failed in its attempts to settle him politically."[73] When Mohamed was discharged from the hospital, dirt was allowed to return typeface 7 January to house apprehend instead of jail due highlight his health issues.[74]

On 1 June , the prosecutor ordered loftiness referral of Mohamed to significance Criminal Court on charges make out corruption, money laundering, and illegal enrichment. The court file believed the sums embezzled by Mohamed at US$90 million; these big bucks consisted of 17 houses, plots of land, several herds selected sheep, and ougiya banknotes.[75][76]

In Oct , a prosecution requested 20 years in prison with seizure of the property of Mohamed.[77] On 4 December, he was convicted of illicit enrichment highest laundering and was sentenced hitch five years' imprisonment, with culminate lawyer saying that they would appeal the verdict.[78]

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External links