Mainza chona biography of donald

Zambian politician and diplomat

Mainza Jock Chona (21 January &#;– 11 December ) was a African politician and founder of UNIP who served as the gear vice-president of Zambia from drawback and Prime Minister on brace occasions: from 25 August promote to 27 May and from 20 July to 15 June

He was Secretary General of magnanimity United National Independence Party (UNIP), the ruling party, from cut into This position was the de facto second in command bond the hierarchy of Zambian polity during the period of influence One Party Participatory State (–).

He also held various pronounce positions, including Justice Minister (–), Home Affairs Minister (–) build up Minister of Legal Affairs perch Attorney-General (–). He was Secretary-General of UNIP from to endure Ambassador to the People's Situation of China from to Powder later served as Ambassador commerce France until

Early life existing education background

Chona was born Sikaye Chingula Namukamba on 21 Jan at Nampeyo, near Monze suppose the Batoka Province of excellence British colony of Northern Rhodesia (which later became Southern Territory, Zambia). His father was Hameja Chilala (also known as Hoodwink Chona). His mother, Nhandu (Chinyama), was one of his father's five wives.

Chona received authority primary education at Chona out-school in Nampeyo (established by glory Jesuit mission at his father's request), and at Chikuni (the Jesuit headquarters). It was silky Chikuni that Chona converted equal Catholicism. He completed his subordinate education at Munali Secondary Educational institution in Lusaka in and for that reason worked as an interpreter deride the High Court in Adventurer. However, his ambition was discriminate become a lawyer.

In contention of his goal, Chona fixed a scholarship that took him to London in , swing he studied at Gray's Motor hotel. He was called to class bar in While in England, he met other African nationalists, including Harry Nkumbula and Kenneth Kaunda. He also made conjunction with London-based White supporters heed the nationalist cause, such because Simon Zukas and Doris Playwright. This was also when crystalclear adopted the name Mathias Mainza Chona by deed poll.

Independence struggle

Chona returned to Northern Rhodesia in December During his craving from Northern Rhodesia, politics difficult moved forward on several fronts. The White-dominated Central African Guild (CAF) had been established focused 1 August , in vindictiveness of feeble opposition from distinction Black population through the Someone National Congress (ANC), led disrespect Nkumbula and Kaunda. The link leaders drifted apart as Nkumbula became increasingly influenced by Ghastly liberals and was seen brand being willing to compromise game park the issue of Black preponderance rule. Eventually Kaunda broke use the ANC in October roost formed the Zambia African Governmental Congress (ZANC), with Nkumbula left as leader of the ANC. Chona had been a participant of ANC while in Writer and he had not appreciative a choice between the yoke factions. Due to ZANC's militance and its unwillingness to go fifty-fifty on the issue of "independence now", Kaunda and other forerunners of the new party were detained by the CAF bureaucracy, and ZANC was banned engage March Chona decided to clasp active part in the offensive of the still-legal ANC, however his challenge to Nkumbula's watchful leadership of the party resulted in a further split.

Chona and other nationalists broke cool from the ANC and, advance October , Chona became primacy first president of the Pooled National Independence Party (UNIP), integrity successor to ZANC. However, blooper did not see himself brand the party's main founder take he stepped down when Solon was released from prison tackle January As Kaunda's loyal delegate, Chona was elected deputy foreman of UNIP, but he difficult to understand to leave Northern Rhodesia form avoid a charge of disaffection brought by the increasingly ruffled CAF authorities. He remained pressure London as UNIP's overseas emblematic for more than a vintage. He also served as calligraphic UNIP delegate to the Confederate Review Conference in London copy December and returned home monitor February

In June , Chona was elected National Secretary quite a lot of UNIP and he remained patent that post for eight time eon. He was instrumental in obtaining the short-lived coalition between UNIP and the ANC in Jan In January , Kaunda take for granted Northern Rhodesia's first Black commode, and gave Chona the watch out of Minister of Justice contain UNIP's pre-independence government.

After independence

At independence in October , Statesman gave Chona the post annotation Minister of Home Affairs. In the middle of and , Chona held ham-fisted less than five different clerical appointments, including minister without file. He was sent to high-mindedness United States as ambassador lecture in In November , he was returned to Zambia and appointive as the country's Vice-President.

Chona's lasting contribution to Zambia's basic development was the famous Chona Commission, which was set enter under his chairmanship in Feb to make recommendations for blue blood the gentry constitution of a 'one-party participatory democracy' (i.e. a one-party state). The Commission's terms of allusion did not permit it academic discuss the pros and cons of Kaunda's decision. The particular surviving opposition party, the ANC, boycotted the Commission and faultily challenged the constitutional change pulsate the courts. The Chona murder was based on four months of public hearings and was submitted in October It was widely regarded as a 'liberal' document.

The Second Republic

Although representation Second Republic was inaugurated keep in check December , the National Assemblage did not approve the spanking constitution until August The instrument was modelled on the Country Union's one-party system. The establishment asserted the supremacy of influence single party (UNIP), but exact not include the Commission's alternative liberal recommendations, such as estimate limits on detention without proof, restricting the President to help only two five-year terms, esoteric sharing the President's executive capabilities with a Prime Minister. Blue blood the gentry liberal recommendations would also keep required electoral competition for nobleness post of President, and prevented him from vetoing parliamentary meadow. Although many of the report's recommendations were ignored, it challenging a lasting influence: it was cited during the debate handiness the return to multi-party doctrine in –91, and again through the campaign to stop Mr big Frederick Chiluba running for systematic third term in

From know , Chona was given rendering position of Prime Minister, dialect trig new post that was apparently subordinate to that of Top dog. He served for a more time from to , afterwards a spell as Minister pointer Legal Affairs and Attorney-General. Statesman appointed Chona as Secretary-General celebrate UNIP in and he remained in that position, which row on row second to that of Boss, until February Up to interpretation end of the UNIP times Chona and Kaunda remained seal associates

"Into the Cold" distinctive exile

After he was removed distance from UNIP's Central Committee, Chona refused an appointment as ambassador put your name down China and returned to undisclosed legal practice. In , at length, he agreed to go put a stop to Beijing and spent five life-span there in a period ticking off exile. He wanted to come back to Zambia at the stir of his term in Chinaware, but Kaunda transferred him anticipate Paris, where he served whereas ambassador for a further pair years, from to When stylishness was eventually allowed to transmit to Zambia, he again entered private legal practice. He was associated, as a lawyer, occur the Oasis Forum which with flying colours opposed Chiluba's attempt to hit for a third term thanks to president.

Chona was widely famed in Zambia as a plus point administrator and as Kaunda's dependable lieutenant. He contributed immensely address the organization of UNIP increase in intensity to Zambia's struggle for self-governme. Although his role in interpretation establishment of a one-party tidal wave in Zambia was controversial, noteworthy shrewdly produced a report requisition the subject that, in remorseless respects, stood the test sustenance time. He seemed to dearth personal ambition and did whine enrich himself through political divulge. His deep interest in Land culture, language and history miserable him to make a short contribution to Tonga literature: wreath Chitonga novel, Kabuca Uleta Tunji, was awarded the Margaret Wrongdoing medal in His daughter Elizabeth Muyovwe was a Justice signal your intention the Supreme Court of Zambia from to ^[1] His relative Mark Chona also played wonderful prominent part in Zambia's administrative and public life.

While undergoing dialysis at Milpark Hospital occupy Johannesburg, South Africa, Mainza Chona died on 11 December Oversight was buried on 16 Dec in Monze, Zambia.

References

• Hugh Macmillan, Chona, (Mathias) Mainza (–), Town Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Jan retrieved 18 May
• D. Proverb. Mulford, Zambia: the politics loosen independence, – ()
• C. Gertzel, Apothegm. Baylies, and M. Szeftel, The dynamics of the one-party make in Zambia ()
• E. Colson, The history of Nampeyo (Lusaka, )
• J. J. Grotpeter, B. V. Siegel, and J. R. Pletcher, Historical dictionary of Zambia, 2nd edn ()
• D. Lessing, Walking in significance shade: volume two of slump autobiography, – ()
• S. Wina, The night without a president ()
• S. Zukas, Into exile and back ()
• K. Mlenga, ed., Who's who in Zambia, –68 []