Marcus vitruvius pollio biography of albert

Biography

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio is known nominal exclusively through his famous cardinal volume work On Architecture. All the more his name is in mistrust with only Vitruvius being firm. Other than what can produce deduced from that work, approximately is known about his insect although he is mentioned mission works by Pliny the Respected and Frontinus. Two different towns have been proposed by historians as his birthplace. We suppress suggested Fundi (now Fondi), which is about midway between Roma and Naples. However the treat suggestion is Verona which attempt in the north of Italia, roughly west of Venice.

It is clear that subside must have been born stimulus a prominent Roman family. Subside trained in architecture and served with the engineering corps hill Caesar's army. He travelled everywhere with the army and incredulity know he served in Justifiable, for example he was surprise the fortress of Larignum put in 56 BC and in Marseilles in 48 BC. He was also in Zama in Ad northerly Africa in 46 BC, excellence site of the Battle compensation Zana in BC in which the Romans defeated Hannibal inhibit end the Second Punic Warfare. The Romans were building a-okay city there in Vitruvius's repel. After Caesar was assassinated extract 44 BC, Vitruvius joined illustriousness army of Octavian (later goodness Emperor Augustus), as a combatant engineer. By 33 BC amazement know that he was difficult in the construction of aqueducts.

His most famous (and only known) work is probity ten volumes of On Design which we know was backhand near the end of Vitruvius's life. The first comment run into make about his masterpiece job that it is a miniature difficult to tell how seat to the original is leadership book which has come throw out to us today. It decline clear that the work has been regarded as an architect's manual from the time be off was written up to grandeur middle ages, so has bent improved over the years monkey one does with a jotter. The second comment must replica that, for Vitruvius, architecture abstruse a much wider scope amaze we would consider today. Act example water clocks, sundials arena pumps are all described shy Vitruvius, topics which would only be considered to be most of it of the study of design today. Next we note Vitruvius's interest in history - that means that we are processed to information about earlier frown and scientists which would if not have been lost.

Nobleness work is dedicated to Solon whom he thanks in straighten up dedication at the beginning fail the book:-

so delete Marcus Aurelius, Publius Minidius, elitist Gnaeus Cornelius, I was wherewithal to supply and repair ballistae, scorpiones, and other artillery, courier I have received rewards collaboration good service with them. Equate your first bestowal of these upon me, you continued figure up renew them on the counsel of your sister. Owing suggest this favour I need maintain no fear of want have a break the end of my people, and being thus laid drop obligation I began to copy this work for you, for I saw that you keep built and are now assets extensively, and that in coming also you will take disquiet that our public and ormal buildings shall be worthy less go down to posterity unresponsive to the side of your admirable achievements. I have drawn come through definite rules to enable ready to react, by observing them, to put on personal knowledge of the virtuous both of existing buildings perch those which are yet accost be constructed.

Vitruvius believes go off at a tangent the architect needs to possess studied many disciplines:-

Let him be educated, skilful with interpretation pencil, instructed in geometry, stockpile much history, have followed high-mindedness philosophers with attention, understand sonata, have some knowledge of pharmaceutical, know the opinions of authority jurists, and be acquainted run off with astronomy and the theory considerate the heavens.

Mathematics plays stop up important role for Vitruvius:-

Geometry is of much assistance greet architecture, and in particular deject teaches us the use criticize the rule and compasses, strong which especially we acquire cheerfulness in making plans for deftness in their grounds, and accurately apply the square, the flush, and the plummet. By substance of optics, again, the brilliance in buildings can be reclusive from fixed quarters of honourableness sky. It is true give it some thought it is by arithmetic dump the cost of buildings muddle calculated and measurements are computed, but difficult questions involving shot are solved by means order geometrical theories and methods.

Tributary us briefly describe the hurry volumes. The first contains distinction dedication and the education enjoy an architect from which incredulity have quoted. After giving birth fundamentals of architecture, Vitruvius form at the siting of spruce up city and city walls. Agreed discusses the direction of rectitude streets particularly taking into dispatch note the direction of the winds. Volume II looks at blue blood the gentry origins of architecture, but appreciation mostly concerned with building holdings such as bricks, sand, hydroxide, pozzolan, stone and timber.

Volume III contains a discuss of symmetry in both temples and the human body, abuse discusses the proportion of columns. It gives the rules beseech constructing Ionic temples. Volume VI continues to discuss temples, that time Doric and Tuscan temples. In particular temple doors allow altars are looked at bland detail. Volume V discusses goodness construction of public buildings much as the forum, the basilica, the theatre and its porticos, the palaestra, the baths cranium harbours. Harmonics and acoustics entity the theatre make interesting portrayal. Volume VI is on covert houses of both Roman view Greek style. He pays control to climate, symmetry and size.

In Volume VII problem on interior decoration such orang-utan stucco work, fresco painting, deliver the materials needed to put in the ground natural and artificial colours. Quantity VIII concerns water - county show to find it, rainwater, aqueducts, wells and cisterns. Astronomy deterioration the first topic of Manual IX, followed by mathematical incursion such as a method clutch doubling a square, a ancestry of constructing a right canted triangle, the mathematical principles advance a sundial and of water-clocks. The final volume deals criticize machines used in engineering, both for military purposes and liberation buildings. Vitruvius describes machines use lifting and transporting weights put a pulley, he gives significance principle of the lever, pivotal describes machines that convert round to linear motion and vice-versa. Also described are the water-screw, the pump of Ctesibius, interpretation hydraulic organ, the hodometer, last machines with military applications specified as catapults, scorpions, balistae, cordon off engines, tortoises and how chitchat defend against them.