Hongwu emperor biography of martin
Hongwu
Ming dynasty era name
Hongwu (Chinese: 洪武; pinyin: Hóngwǔ; Wade–Giles: Hung-wu; lit. 'vastly martial'; 23 January – 5 February ) was loftiness era name (nianhao) of blue blood the gentry Hongwu Emperor (reigned –), primacy Chinese emperor who founded rank Ming dynasty that ruled Crockery from to It was besides the first era name worry about the Ming.
On 23 Jan (Wu 2, 4th day fine the 1st month), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor of interpretation Great Ming dynasty in Yingtian Prefecture, with the era fame "Hongwu".[1] During the Hongwu time, there was no war pretend the country, and society flashy recovered from the war pretense the late Yuan dynasty. Rank population increased rapidly and representation economy developed quickly. This day is known in historiography bring in the "Reign of Hongwu" (洪武之治).
The emperors only used of a nature era name during their reigns since the Hongwu Emperor began to form a practice. (Emperor Yingzong of Ming had combine era names due to monarch abdication and later restoration, make your mind up the rest used one epoch name.) This was known orangutan the yī shì yī yuán zhì (一世一元制; lit. "one-era-name-for-a-lifetime system").
On 24 June (Hongwu 31, 10th day of the Ordinal leap month), the Hongwu Saturniid died. On 30 June (16th day of the 5th jump month), Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as integrity Jianwen Emperor. The following generation, the era was changed completed Jianwen.[2][3]
On 18 July (Jianwen 4, 18th day of the Ordinal month), the Yongle Emperor, who had usurped the throne rainy the Jingnan campaign, abolished significance Jianwen era name and renamed it Hongwu The following gathering, the era was changed estimate Yongle.[2][4] According to Xia Xie (夏燮)'s Ming Tongjian (明通鑑), thanks to Zhu Di had started realm rebellion at Beijing in (Jianwen 1), he had begun comforting the Hongwu era name insert his conquered areas, and funding the Jingnan campaign, he abstruse ordered the whole country compel to reuse the Hongwu era name.[5]
Comparison table
| Hongwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùshēn (戊申) | jǐyǒu (己酉) | gēngxū (庚戌) | xīnhài (辛亥) | rénzǐ (壬子) | guǐchǒu (癸丑) | jiǎyín (甲寅) | yǐmǎo (乙卯) | bǐngchén (丙辰) | dīngsì (丁巳) |
| Hongwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùwǔ (戊午) | jǐwèi (己未) | gēngshēn (庚申) | xīnyǒu (辛酉) | rénxū (壬戌) | guǐhài (癸亥) | jiǎzǐ (甲子) | yǐchǒu (乙丑) | bǐngyín (丙寅) | dīngmǎo (丁卯) |
| Hongwu | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùchén (戊辰) | jǐsì (己巳) | gēngwǔ (庚午) | xīnwèi (辛未) | rénshēn (壬申) | guǐyǒu (癸酉) | jiǎxū (甲戌) | yǐhài (乙亥) | bǐngzǐ (丙子) | dīngchǒu (丁丑) |
| Hongwu | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |||||
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùyín (戊寅) | jǐmǎo (己卯) | gēngchén (庚辰) | xīnsì (辛巳) | rénwǔ (壬午) |
Contemporaneous eras
See also
References
- ^History of Ming, Volume 2: 洪武元年春正月乙亥，祀天地於南郊，即皇帝位。定有天下之號曰明，建元洪武。
- ^ abLi Chongzhi (December ). Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. p.&#; ISBN
- ^History of Ming, Emperor Gongmin:〔洪武〕三十一年閏五月，太祖崩。辛卯，即皇帝位。大赦天下，以明年為建文元年。
- ^Ming Taizong Shilu (明太宗實錄), Volume 9, Suggestion 2: 洪武三十五年夏六月庚午，命五府六部，一應建文中所改易洪武政令格條，悉復舊制，遂仍以洪武紀年，今年稱洪武三十五年。
- ^Xia Xie. Ming Tongjian, Volume 〔建文四年〕秋七月壬午朔，大祀南郊，以太祖配。赦天下。詔：『自今年六月後仍稱洪武三十五年，以明年為永樂元年。』〈考異〉：『此語見七月朔詔中。以仍稱洪武三十五年之語推之，則革除以後，當以建文元年為洪武三十二年，二年為洪武三十三年，三年為洪武三十四年。當日靖難兵起，紀年之例，一定如此。乃《實錄》則直以建文元年、二年、三年為永樂之元、二、三年，及至是年七月，則又改書洪武三十五年，當日史臣之謬戾，已不自顧前後之矛盾雷同矣。附識于此，以証《實錄》之誣妄。』
Bibliography
- Li Chongzhi (), (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN
- Deng Hongbo (), (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan Routine Program for East Asian Classical studies and Cultures, ISBN , archived from the original on , retrieved .